Probiotics, which are microbial additives used in food and feed, has been increasingly studied in recent decades for their potential to enhance the health of both humans and cattle. Studies in aquatic environments have highlighted issues such as decreased crop yields and environmental degradation, underscoring the need for innovative solutions. The application of probiotics in aquaculture methods has become crucial for addressing challenges like disease resistance, optimal organism development, and improved feed efficiency. A key aspect of their effectiveness lies in their ability to colonise the gastrointestinal tract, thereby extending their benefits to the host organisms. Functions such as bioremediation, which improves water quality, and biocontrol, involving treatments against pathogens, further underscore the versatility of probiotics in aquaculture. In addition to their role in maintaining environmental balance and disease control, probiotics offer direct benefits to aquatic organisms. They can enhance nutrient absorption, bolster stress resilience, and support reproductive health. Commercially available probiotic products now encompass a diverse range of microorganisms, including both bacteria (both Grammemepositive and Grammeme-negative) and non-bacterial agents like bacteriophages, microalgae, and yeasts. This broad spectrum of probiotic options reflects ongoing efforts to optimize their efficacy across different aquatic environments and species.