Onion is an important vegetable spice crop of India having high domestic demands and export potential. Weeds can cause considerable losses to onion yield and monocot weeds viz.; grasses and sedges cause higher competition due to similar biology and ecological niches. Critical period of crop weed competition for onion depends upon seasons, soil and climatic conditions and is generally regarded as 15-45 days after transplanting. Manual weeding is highly cost intensive while mechanical hoeing is difficult owing to narrow spacing. Therefore, selective pre- and post-emergence herbicides assume key role in monocot weed management. Integrated weed management modules including cultural and mechanical methods with judicious herbicide application should be promoted for improving weed control efficiency, environmental health and sustainability.

Though India has the world's largest cattle population and produces the most milk, only 5% of cropped land is used for fodder cultivation, and there is a shortage of 35.6 %, 26 %, and 41 percent green fodder, concentrate feed and dry fodder respectively. Rapid urbanization, climate change, water shortages, etc are driving the search for alternative green fodder production systems. An alternate and best option is hydroponics, which entails growing fodder without soil in a limited environment and harvesting after 7-8 days. It is gaining popularity because it ensures a consistent supply of high-quality green feed throughout the year. Because hydroponics fodder is more appealing, digestible, and nutritious, it enhances animal immunity and productivity as well as reproduction. Farmers can use low-cost devices to implement small- or large-scale hydroponic production and maintain green feed supplements throughout the year for lucrative animal production. Livestock farmers can be trained and made aware of the value of hydroponic and green fodders for long-term livestock production through a capacity-building programme.

Pig farming is highly integrated with the life of tribal people in North-Eastern Region of India. Tribal women play a significant role in the backyard pig farming systems largely by contributing in labour. They face many challenges in pig farming which can be overcome to a great extent by mobilizing them into groups. The improvement in knowledge and skill of tribal women for performing pig farming through need-based training programmes, will help to ensure sustainable livelihood.