Microorganisms are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of various products such as vaccines, antimicrobial drugs, probiotics, hormones, enzymes and vitamins, other uses include phage therapy. Pharmacists can find antimicrobial drugs that would stop a growing number of communicable diseases by discovering cellular mechanisms. In addition, it guarantees that the pharmacological treatments target opportunistic microorganisms without harming their human hosts.

Soil is not a static object that can be described once and for all, but a natural entity with a time dimension. Soil genesis study describes the influence of soil forming factors such as climate, parent material, relief, topography and effect of one or more soil forming processes on soil evolution with time under different conditions. Highest rates of soil genesis are found to be associated with more humid climatic conditions and periodic water saturation. Prolonged water saturation under humid climatic conditions lead to the development of soil with change in chemical and morphological properties. Redox processes promote gleying and accumulation of acid organic compounds in these soils. Ferrolysis is described as a dominant process to explain clay disintegration, interlayering of clay minerals in water saturated soils either due to seasonal alteration and prolonged water saturation and is considered as a characteristics profile forming process. Clay disintegration and interlayering of clay minerals along with change in pH and cation exchange capacity of the soil do not promote soil health in a sustainable basis. Remediation of soil undergoing ferrolysisis required for the maintenance of good soil health.

Crop growth and productivity declines due to various environmental associated stress conditions such as abiotic and biotic stresses. The abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, UV radiation, high temperature, light, heat and cold stress hampers the soil and crop ecology as well as pathogens, disease-pest infestations accounts for biotic stresses for crop, thus deteriorates soil fertility. Silicon application develops the defensive mechanisms on physical, biochemical and molecular level of crop to mitigate stress conditions. Silicon deposition on cuticles of crops forms a hard and impermeable layer which resists the infestation and other invasion pathway for insect-pest which develops physical based mechanism for stress alleviation. Silicon induces the conditions to release certain defensive enzymes and antimicrobial compounds which are helpful in formation of defensive mechanism against stress conditions; also silicon helps the crop to modify crop cellular structures. On molecular level silicon application to crops to release activated genes and proteins those act as a measure against stress situation.