Insect pests pose significant threats to global agriculture, leading to massive yield losses and economic damages. Conventional chemical pesticides have been widely used to control these pests; however, their adverse effects on the environment and human health have raised concerns. As a result, the adoption of biological insect pest management practices has gained momentum in recent years. This comprehensive article delves into the various components of biological insect pest management, focusing on the use of natural enemies, plant resistance, cultural practices, and biotechnological tools. The integration of these strategies offers a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to pest management while ensuring food security and safeguarding the environment.