Sugarcane is the main source of sugar in India along with jaggery and many by-products like ethanol, bagasse, molasses, khandsari etc. India is the second largest producer of sugarcane in the world after Brazil. Sugarcane is a long duration crop (12 to 18 months) having huge biomass. So, it is affected by several diseases from which red rot is the most important one. In recent years, this disease has created havoc in Uttar Pradesh i.e. in Co 0238 variety. It is considered as the "cancer" of sugarcane. So, utmost care is needed to know the disease, its development, causal organism, disease cycle, epidemiology for the adoption of the proper management strategy.