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Greenhouse Gases Emission from Paddy Cultivation and its Mitigation for Environmental Safety and Agricultural Sustainability

Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are important greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced from paddy fields. They play a significant role in increasing the global temperature as they have higher global warming potential as compared to carbon dioxide. Higher demand for rice compelled the farmers to increase its productivity through extensive use of water and fertilizers leading to food security whereas it also has adverse effects on the planet earth. CH4 is produced through methanogenesis under anaerobic condition of soil, while N2O is produced through two processes namely nitrification and denitrification under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. Thorough understanding of the mechanisms of greenhouse gases production becomes necessary for adoption of proper mitigation strategies. Management practices such as appropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers, irrigation practices, high yielding varieties, integrated farming and amendments help in mitigating GHGs emission and also ensures environmental safety and agricultural sustainability.