Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients required for plant growth and development. Nitrogen management requires great attention because of low use efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizers. It is evident that to achieve food security, farming community is largely dependent on chemical fertilizers. However, overuse of chemical fertilizers causes nutrient loss from agricultural fields owing to many loss pathways. Nitrogen also undergoes many losses when applied to soil viz., ammonia volatilization, denitrification, or nitrate leaching. To improve nitrogen use efficiency, it is essential to reduce its loss from soil. Use of nitrification inhibitors and controlled release fertilizers has been found useful to attain the goals of improved crop productivity and higher nutrient use efficiency.