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Bionomics and Management of the American Serpentine Leaf Miner, Liriomyza trifolii in Gerbera

Leaf miners are a polyphagous pest that can infest a number of horticulture crops. This native leaf miner has found in eastern united states, northern south America and Caribbean. Due to insufficient quarantine practises, it is currently spreading to many parts of the world. However, in recent years it has been introduced into California, Europe and elsewhere. Misuses or exploitation of pesticides and their effects on natural enemies is the most frequently noted cause of the outbreak of leaf miners. Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), sometimes known as the American serpentine leaf miner, readily infests greenhouse flower crops. The American serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii) is highly polyphagous and thus lives on many host plants such as chrysanthemum, gerbera, marigold and many other horticultural crops. The most direct damage is caused by larvae mining the leaf tissues which can lead to desiccation premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In tropical areas this can lead to burning symptoms in flower. The larvae actually live in the leaf, between the outer skin layers. Crushing larval from the leaves is most effective killing method. Alternatives include neem oil, Bt spray, and Spinosad spray as well as beneficial insects such as entomopathogenic nematodes and parasitic wasps. Prevention using lures, sticky traps and floating row covers is highly effective.